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The cowboy way: an exploration of history and culture, by Paul H. CARLSON
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The lives of American cowboys have been both real and mythic; hence our continuing fascination with their history and culture. In sixteen essays and an annotated bibliography, scholars explore cowboy music, dress, humor, films, and literature. Some examine the cowboy’s powerful symbolic life. Others look at African American, Hispanic, Native American, French, and English cowboys, the great cowboy strike of 1883, and even the origins of the term cowboy itself. Celebrating the cowboy way, the essays also come to grips with false images and the make-believe world that surrounds cowboy culture. Nonetheless, these essays demonstrate, the American cowboy is destined to remain the most easily recognized of all western character types, a knight of the road who, with a large hat, tall boots, and a big gun, rode justifiably into legend and into the history books.“Cowboys—both mythic and real—have become part of an American epic that is commemorated from Denver to Dresden, from Montreal to Melbourne. Their image is burned deep into America’s collective consciousness. . . .“The abiding interest has a long history. It can be seen first in the attraction of dime novels and Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Exhibition, then in the enormous popularity of Owen Wister’s The Virginian (1902), and subsequently in the success of popular western novels of the type by Zane Grey and Max Brand, in western films (made in Italy and Germany and Hollywood and elsewhere), in television programs, in public television documentaries, and in other formats, including the highly effective use of cowboys as advertising symbols. Serious scholars, including historians, sociologists, literary critics, and others, have studied cowboys and the symbols and myths that surround them.“In the popular view cowboys were men on horseback. In fact, most of the time they spent their days on foot working at such farm-related chores as repairing fences and cutting hay. Even in Wister’s defining cowboy novel, for example, the hero of the story—the prototypal cowboy—herded neither cows nor cattle of any kind.“Nonetheless, in both his actual and his imagined life the cowboy has become a popular hallmark for defining what it means to be a ‘real’ American male. Perceived as a tough, mobile, and independent outdoorsman, he has become a symbolic yardstick against which modern men might measure their own manhood.” —Paul Carlson“Few readers of The Cowboy Way will be surprised that real cowboys of the late nineteenth century differed markedly from their twentieth-century mythical counterparts, but they may learn much about the nature and extent of that difference.” —Western Historical Quarterly. “[Helps] us distinguish the historical reality of the cowhand from the myths that now surround the cowboy. . . . Both a general audience and scholars will appreciate this volume.” —Southwestern Historical Quarterly.“Whether discussing the myth or the reality of the cowboy, his work clothes, his place in film history, his humor, or his songs, these essays once again demonstrate the strength of the cowboy as cultural icon.” —Roundup Magazine. “Promises to get at the truth behind the cowboy myth . . . [and suggests] all kinds of reasons why the cowboy should have held his place in the American imagination for so long.” —Bloomsbury Review.Sixteen essays explore cowboy music, dress, humor, films, and literature. Some examine the cowboy’s powerful symbolic life. Others look at African American, Hispanic, Native American, French, and English cowboys, the great cowboy strike of 1883, and even the origins of the term cowboy itself.Paul H. Carlson is professor of history at Texas Tech University. He has published many articles and several books, including Deep Time and the Texas High Plains (Texas Tech 2005).
- Sales Rank: #3030399 in Books
- Published on: 2006
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 7.80" h x .39" w x 4.92" l, .55 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 240 pages
Review
"Few readers of The Cowboy Way will be surprised that real cowboys of the late nineteenth century differed markedly from their twentieth-century mythical counterparts, but they may learn much about the nature and extent of that difference."
About the Author
Paul H. Carlson is professor of history at Texas Tech University. He has published many articles and several books, including Deep Time and the Texas High Plains (Texas Tech 2005).
Most helpful customer reviews
1 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
The Cowboy Way: An Exploration of History & Culture
By Barney Considine
Each essay in this collection relates somehow to the definition of "a cowboy" - but necessarily to an extremely loose definition. The subtitle says that it is an "exploration" and, like many explorations, the scenery changes frequently and often radically. Readers will find some interesting surprises. The flip side of the coin is that the book's unifying thread is so weak that readers will be bored, or worse, at times.
The essays range from eighteenth, nineteenth, and early twentieth century cowboys; to contemporary cowboys. The book presents itself as covering cowboys in general; however, few of the essays recognize regional differences. Although there were "cowboys" throughout the United States, and even worldwide, the majority of the book's examples come from Texas or nearby. Working cowboys, their horses, employment, and equipment differed greatly between sections of the country and changed over time. In addition to differing tools, they had different backgrounds, education, missions in life, and social status as a group. Even when taken as a whole, the book only poorly presents that truth.
Terminology is an additional problem. A collection of essays risks various authors using the same terms with different meaning. It is particularly serious here since the terms involved are at the heart of the subject; cowboy, livestock, and ranch are just a few examples. Another odd thing is the contrast between the essay that begins the book and the one that closes it. The first essay, written by the editor himself, casts cowboys in a very negative light; as do other authors early in the book. The final essay rails against those who present an unduly negative image of cowboys.
Pages 5 and 6 tell us, "Cowboys were not cattlemen; they were laborers, itinerant workers, seasonal employees. They stole cattle from their employers, and some of them took off at the first sign of trouble. The real cowboy was a common, nineteenth-century working stiff who was often illiterate, often unemployed, and often on the lowest rung of the community's socioeconomic hierarchy." Notwithstanding this derogatory image, we get essays (mostly positive) on Spanish-speaking cowboys, black cowboys, American Indian cowboys, French cowboys, and an English cowboy who was actually a cattle rancher. Several authors discuss rodeo cowboys and one author tells us about the "reel" cowboys.
Both the writing and the quality of the material range from quite good to banal. Several essays are poorly researched. A prime example is the piece on cowboys' work clothes. It relies almost entirely on studies of photographs of Utah cowboys. There isn't any indication that the author consulted the Smithsonian, or any other of the many museums having examples of clothing used by working cowboys.
Despite the 2006 publication date for this book, readers will question the currency of the material. As an example that seems typical of all the essays, consider the material comparing cowboys and sheepherders that the book's editor included from his personal writings. Of the 15 publications included in the 24 references, there are two each from the 1990s and 1980s. The others are all prior to those.
Few of the authors in this collection appear to have real familiarity with their subjects. Even a piece written by the book's editor is primarily drawn from folklore; and has a few errors. In writing about the differences between cowboys and sheepherders he says that sheepwagons usually had a tailgate that folded down to make a table. None of the sheepwagons I have seen on the range or in museums have such a tailgate, although that configuration was common on the chuckwagons used in the cattle business.
I expect that a good many cowboys might say that there is a good deal of manure in this pile of hay. It stands to reason that someone writing authoritatively about authentic cowboys of the range would be knowledgeable about cattle. That is not necessarily the case here as some of the writers were unable to judge what is generally true of the livestock industry from the opinion of a single individual that they used as a source.
This lack of knowledge doesn't extend to all authors. The author of an essay on "Stockyards Cowboys" certainly knew her subject matter. My brother worked for years in stockyards at a Montana livestock auction and I am sure he would have appreciated this recognition of his position. Likewise, the author of Chapter 6 about an English earl who broke into the Texas cattle business does an excellent job of fitting his subject into the realities of dealing with livestock.
One of the surprises in the book is a piece on French cowboys. It discusses the impact that Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show had during several months of shows in France during the early years of the twentieth century. This is one of the better researched pieces in the book. The piece about Samuel T. "Booger Red" Privett, an early rodeo rider and showman, is also well written and researched. The essay on movie cowboys, "reel cowboys," doesn't tie in with much else but is well researched and presents a good overall view of the subject.
An essay on cowboy ethics would have been a welcome addition. Many of the writers' negative judgments are made in the context of today's American mores. The judgment of the general public who shared the times, environment, and social groups within which livestock owners and cowboys worked was far less harsh than the general tone presented by this collection.
19 of 22 people found the following review helpful.
Infected by the Cowboy Way
By A Customer
The term "cowboy way" has an infectious effect on those who love cowboys and everything about them. If this is truly the case, then Paul H. Carlson is infected. He is deathly ill from "cowboy fever." His book The Cowboy Way: An Exploration of History and Culture is loaded with sixteen essays all dealing with cowboy culture. Each is well written and thoroughly researched. Paul H. Carlson is a professor of history at Texas Tech University. He has written a number of articles and several books that deal with Western American culture. Two of his books are Empire Builder in the Texas Panhandle: William Henry Bush and The Plains Indians. Since Carlson is the editor and also a contributor to The Cowboy Way, there are many other authors to make mention of. Lawrence Clayton is Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at Hardin-Simmons University. He has written several books, including Historic Ranches of Texas and Watkins Reynolds Matthews: Biography of a Texas Rancher. J'Nell L. Pate is a professor of history at Tarrant County College and has written many articles and four books dealing with western history, including the award-winning Livestock Legacy: The Fort Worth Stockyards, 1887-1987. Other authors that contributed include graduate students, a freelance writer, an archivist, a reference librarian, a book review editor for the Permian Historical Annual, a French teacher, and the Executive Vice President of San Antonio College, Robert E. Zeigler. (pp. 217-219) In his preface, Carlson begins by saying, "Although there is no dominant thesis, there are many themes." (p. ix) Carlson is correct in saying there are many themes throughout the book. Each essay deals with a specific aspect of cowboys and their way of life. I must disagree with his denying the existence of an overall thesis. From what I could garner from the book as a whole, it is an effort to help the public get the truth about cowboys. I might suggest that the thesis is cowboys are an important part of America's past, but much myth has been made out of them. The book is not intended to destroy that myth but to educate us about it. There is still much about the cowboys that the public does not know. One of the essays, "Today's Cowboy: Coping with a Myth" written by Lawrence Clayton, expounds on this point. There are some out there who want to destroy the cowboy myth entirely. Clayton refers to them as "demythologizers." They "describe the cowboy as only a hired hand working for low wages . . . He was just a laborer who happened to ride a horse to do his work." (pp. 201-202) Clayton goes on to describe what efforts the demythologizers are making. He concludes by saying that with all those efforts they are not making much headway. He says that the truth about cowboys has no effect on the public. People love the cowboy and enjoy the "aura of romance that elevates him to a pure-hatred knight-errant." (p. 205) Carlson's essay, "Myth and the Modern Cowboy," expounds more on the same point. The truth and the myth both exist. It is our choice to accept or not accept both. Many of the topics or themes covered in the book help to reinforce the thesis. Each is designed to educate and not to destroy the myth. They include the origins of the word "cowboy"; discussions on vaqueros, African American cowboys, and American Indian cowboys; cowboy labor strikes; clothing cowboys wore; cowboy relationships with sheepherders and Europeans; cowboy humor; the origins of the rodeo; and western movies. Each essay is well researched and documented. Their sources include interviews, newspapers, journal articles, photographs, surveys, movies, the Sears and Roebuck Catalog, and books written by other historians. Each essay is easy to read and very informative. One essay that I really enjoyed was "Black Cowboy: Daniel Webster `80 John' Wallace" written by Douglas Hales. Hales gives a brief history of Daniel Webster Wallace who was born a slave and died a rich cattleman. At a young age, just after emancipation, Wallace started work on a ranch as a "hoss stink" caring for the ranch's horses. He soon moved up the scale to become one of very few african-American trail bosses in the late 1800s. Through hard work and a little help from friends, he was able to buy some land and cattle to start his own ranch. Good management skills and a little luck made him one of the wealthiest ranchers in all of Texas. This story is important because many don't know that there were African American cowboys and that they became important to western history. Throughout the book there are photographs depicting cowboys at work and rest. They are used to depict the subject of the particular essay and some are just for show. One essay uses the photographs as a reference to help the reader better "see" the author's argument. Susan Karina Dickey went through 254 photographs to write her essay, "Work Clothes of American Cowboys: The Pictorial Record." The Cowboy Way is written very well. Credits go to Carlson for his editing to produce a magnificent work on cowboy culture. The index and "A Cowboy Bibliography," done by Freedonia Paschall (which could be considered as essay seventeen), make the book complete and very useful. The bibliography includes the best and most accredited primary and secondary sources available today. Anyone wanting to research cowboys should consult Paschall's bibliography first. It's hard to find anything wrong with the book. If I were to do anything to change it, I would change the order of some of the essays so that the book flowed better. A couple seemed out of place and became difficult to read because they didn't seem to fit. Other than that, the book is very well done. It has brought better understanding to myself and I know that it will infect many others.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Revisionist history of cowboys with a considerable negative slant.
By Kujifanya Jina
Revisionist in tone, this book draws broad -- and highly negative -- conclusions from minimal research. Seemingly determined to malign all cowboys, cowhands, cowpunchers and ranchers as indolent, criminal, malicious and lacking in character, these essays are presented without consideration for the culture of the times. For example, as proof of the indolent and unsavory nature of ALL cowboys, the book quotes two cavalry officers' diaries from the 1800s, both of whom speak negatively of cowboys. Basing a broad conclusion on the diaries of people who would not tend to like cowboys is like basing the conclusion about the cavalry on the opinions of Indians. Not nearly as fair-minded, nor as intellectually honest as I had hoped, this book is a conglomeration of revisionism and negativism based upon thin research and broad conclusions.
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